Kyphosis
This exaggerated, forward rounding of the back is often caused by osteoporosis in older women. Spinal malformations can cause kyphosis in infants or teens.
Scoliosis
This sideways curvature of the spine occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. Treatment may include braces or surgery.
Scoliosis
A sideways curvature of the spine.
Kyphosis
A forward rounding of the back.
Achondroplasia
The most common type of short-limbed dwarfism.
Stickler syndrome
This genetic disorder can cause serious vision, hearing and joint problems. Children may be born with a cleft palate and distinctive facial features.
Laminectomy
The removal of the rear portion of a vertebra (lamina) creates extra space within the spinal canal and can relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.
Turner syndrome
Turner syndrome affects only females as the result of a missing or partially missing X chromosome, causing a variety of medical and developmental problems.
Spinal fusion
This procedure permanently connects two or more vertebrae in your spine. This eliminates motion between the bones and can reduce neck or back pain.
Marfan syndrome
This inherited disorder affects the skeleton and the eyes. It can also harm the large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Benign peripheral nerve tumor
Learn more about the different types of tumors that grow on or around the nerves that link to your brain and spinal cord.
Rett syndrome
This rare genetic disorder affects the way the brain develops, causing a progressive inability to use muscles for eye and body movements and language.